Women who are obese during pregnancy are at increased risk for preterm birth, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery and postpartum weight retention, according to data presented today.
Kimberly K. Vesco, MD, MPH, obstetrician-gynecologist at Mount Talbert Medical Office and Kaiser Sunnyside Medical Center, presented data on pregnancy outcomes and postpartum weight retention for 5,551 normal-weight women and 3,110 obese women included in an HMO database.
Weight gain at one year defined the difference between baseline weight during pregnancy and weight at 300 to 420 days postpartum.
Mean baseline weight was 131 lb for normal-weight women vs. 214 lb for obese women. Mean gestational weight gain was lower among obese women compared with normal-weight women (22 lb vs. 32 lb; P<.001). However, 33% of obese women gained more than 10 lb at one year postpartum compared with 22% of normal-weight women (P=.0001).
Obese women had an increased risk for preterm birth (10% vs. 8%), preeclampsia (15% vs. 6%), gestational diabetes (8% vs. 3%) and cesarean delivery (36% vs. 20%; P<.001).
Further, infants born to obese women had a higher mean birth weight when compared with infants born to normal-weight women (P<.001).
Study results also revealed that obese women were more likely to smoke (7% vs. 10%), have a diagnosis of depression (7% vs. 11%) and hypertension during pregnancy (9% vs. 22%), and have diabetes (1% vs. 5%; P=.0001) compared with leaner women.
“There should be inquiries to prevent weight loss among obese reproductive-age women, particularly those planning a pregnancy,” Vesco said during the oral presentation. “In addition, programs should be developed to limit gestational weight gain during pregnancy and to assist with weight loss after delivery.”
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